Food Ingredient Substitutions

This is so handy! If you’re like me, you don’t have the average June Cleaver stocked cupboards of baking necessities! Here’s a list of ingredients which can be used to substitute for a missing one.

Allspice(1 tsp): 1 tsp. cinnamon plus 1/8 tsp. ground cloves.
Apple Pie Spice: 4 parts cinnamon, 1 part nutmeg and 1 part ginger.
Baking Powder (1 tsp): 1 tsp baking soda plus 1/2 tsp cream of tartar.
Balsamic Vinegar (1 tbsp): 1 Tbsp cider vinegar.
Bread Crumbs (1/4 cup): 1/4 cup finely crushed cracker crumbs, corn flakes or quick-cooking oats.
Butter (1 lb): 7/8 Cup solid shortening plus 1/2 tsp. salt
Buttermilk/Sour Milk (1 cup): 1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup. Let stand 5 mins before using. Or use 1 cup plain yogurt.
Capers (1 tbsp): 1 Tbsp chopped green olives.
Chili Seasoning: 2 parts chili powder & 1 part paprika.
Chocolate Semisweet (1 square): 1 oz unsweetened baking chocolate plus 1 Tbsp sugar.
Chocolate Unsweetened (1 square): 3 Tbsp baking cocoa plus 1 Tbsp shortening or margarine.
Cornstarch (1 tbsp): 2 Tbsp flour or 4 tsp quick-cooking tapioca.
Corn Syrup Light (1 cup): 1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup water.
Corn Syrup Dark (1 cup): 1 cup light corn syrup; 3/4 cup light corn syrup plus 1/4 cup molasses; or 1 cup maple-flavored syrup.
Cream, heavy (1 cup): 2/3 cup milk and 1/3 cup butter.
Curry Powder: Combine equal parts coriander, cumin, pepper, turmeric, and ginger; 4 parts coriander, 2 parts tumeric, 2 parts cumin & 1 part ginger.
Eggs (1 large): 2 egg whites; 1/4 cup store-bought egg whites; 2 egg yolks (for custard or puddings); or 2 egg yolks plus 1 Tbsp water (for cookies or bars); 1 tsp. cornstarch;. or 4 extra tbs. of whatever liquid was used in the recipe.

Flour
- All-purpose (1 cup): 1 cup plus 2 Tbsp cake flour.
- Cake (1 cup):  1 cup minus 2 Tbsp all-purpose flour.
- Self-rising (1 cup): 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 tsp baking powder and 1/2 tsp salt.

Garlic, finely chopped (1 medium clove): 1/8 tsp garlic powder or 1/4 tsp instant minced garlic or 1/2 tsp garlic salt.
Ginger Root, grated or finely chopped (1 tsp): 3/4 tsp ground ginger.

Herbs, chopped, fresh (1 tbsp): 3/4 to 1 tsp dried herbs.
Herbes de Provence: 4 parts thyme, 4 parts savory, 2 parts lavender & 1 part rosemary.
Honey (1 cup): 1- 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup water or liquid used in recipe.

Ketchup: 1 cup of tomato sauce, 1 -1/4 cups brown sugar, 2 tbs. vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, pinch of ground cloves and allspice.

Leeks, sliced (1/2 cup): 1/2 cup sliced shallots or green onions.
Lemon, 1 medium: 1 tsp. grated rind plus 2 tbs. lemon juice.
Lemon Juice, fresh (1 tbsp): 1 Tbsp bottled lemon juice or white vinegar.
Lemon Peel, grated (1 tsp): 1 tsp dried lemon peel.

Milk (1 cup): 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water; or nonfat dry milk prepared as directed on pkg with 2-1/2 tsp melted butter added.
Molasses (1 cup): 1/2 cup honey (flavor will be milder).
Mushrooms, fresh (1 cup cooked): 1 can (4 oz) mushroom stems and pieces, drained.
Mushrooms (1/2 pound): 4 oz. canned mushroom caps or 1 – 1/2 oz dried mushrooms.
Mustard (1 Tbsp): 1 tsp ground mustard (dry).

Onion, 1 small: 1 tbsp. instant minced or 1 tsp. onion powder.
Orange Peel, grated (1 tsp): 1 tsp dried orange peel.
Oregano (1 tsp): 1 tsp. marjoram.

Poultry Seasoning: Equal parts sage, thyme, oregano and marjoram.
Pumpkin Pie Spice: 4 parts cinnamon, 2 parts ginger, 1 part nutmeg, 1 part allspice and dash of cloves.

Red Pepper Sauce (3 or 4 drops): 1/8 tsp ground red pepper (cayenne).

Seasoning Salt: 1 cup salt, 2-1/4 tsp paprika, 2 tsp dry mustard, 1 tsp dried oregano, 1 tsp garlic powder, and 1/2 tsp onion powder.
Sesame Seeds (1 tbsp): 1 Tbsp finely chopped blanched almonds.
Shortening, melted (1 cup): 1 cup salad oil (cannot be substituted for 1 cup solid shortening)
Sour Cream (1 cup): 1 cup plain yogurt.
Sugar, brown, packed (1 cup): 1 cup granulated sugar plus 2 Tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup.
Sugar, granulated (1 cup): 1 cup light brown sugar (packed) or 2 cups powdered sugar.
Sugar, superfine: Blend regular granulated sugar in the blender.

Tomato Paste (1/2 cup): 1 cup tomato sauce cooked uncovered till reduced to 1/2 cup.
Tomato Sauce (2 cups): 3/4 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water.
Tomatoes, canned (1 cup): About 1- 1/3 cups cut-up fresh tomatoes, simmered 10 min.

Vanilla Extract: Grated lemon rind, orange rind, cinnamon or nutmeg combined with a small amount of the liquid called for in the recipe to make up the amount of vanilla extract specified in the recipe.

Whipping Cream (1 cup): 1 cup frozen (thawed) whipped topping or 1 cup prepared whipped topping mix.
Wine, Red (1 cup): 1 cup apple cider or beef broth.
Wine, White (1 cup): 1 cup apple juice, apple cider or chicken broth.

Yeast, regular or quick active dry (1 pkg or 1/4 oz): 2 1/4 tsp regular or quick active dry or 1 package (6 oz) compressed cake yeast.

Conversions for Cooking

In Canada, we learned metric like all other countries, but here in the U.S., it’s still the good ‘ol universal measurement system, so this comes in handy when I am baking and cooking.

P.S. Check out my new measuring spoons from Macy’s! They are magnetically attached! How cool is THAT?!

Below is a chart or you can use a conversion tool like the ones found here.

Conversions

Volume
1 tsp. = 5 ml
1 Tbs. = 15 ml
2 Tbs. = 30 ml or 1 fl. oz.
1 cup = 240 ml or 8 fl. oz. (vs. 10 oz. per cup in Imperial measure)
1 pt = 480 ml or 16 fl. oz.
1 qt = 960 ml or 32 fl. oz.

Weight
1 oz. = 28 gm
1 lb. = 454 gm
2.2 lb. = 1 kg

Length
1 in. = 2.54 cm.

Temperature
32 °F = 0°C (water freezes)

Ingredient Equivalents

1 egg = 3tbsp = 2 oz = 50 mL
1 egg yolk = 1 tbsp = 1 oz = 15 mL
1 egg white = 2 tbsp = 1 oz = 25 mL
8 to 10 egg whites = 1 cup = 250 mL
1 cup (250 mL) granulated sugar = 6 1/2 oz (165 g
1 lb (500 g) granulated sugar = 2 cups(500 mL)
1 oz (50g) granulated sugar = 2tbsp (25 mL)
1 lb (500 g) icing sugar = 3 1/2 cups (875 mL)
1 lb (500 g) brown sugar = 2 1/4 cups (550 mL) (packed)
4 tbsp (50 mL) flour = 1 oz (25 g)
1 lb (500 g) all purpose flour = 4 cups (1 L)
1 lb (500 g) cake flour = 4 1/2 cups (1.12L)
1 lb (500 g) margerine = 2 cups (500 mL)
16 tbsp margerine = 1 cup (250 mL)
4 tbsp margerine = 1/4 cup (50 mL)
4 cups (1 L) cocoa = 1 lb (500 g)
1 square chocolate = 1/4 cup (50 mL) grated
1 lemon = 2 tbsp (25 mL) rind and 3 tbsp (50 mL) juice
1 orange = 2 tbsp (25 mL) rind and 1/2 cup (125 mL) juice
1 tsp (5 mL) grated rind = 1/2 tsp (2 mL) lemon extract
3 cups (750 mL) raisins = 1 lb (500 g)
8 oz (250 g) marshmallows = 32 large = 3 1/4 cups (800 mL) mini
1 envelope gelatin = 1 tbsp (15 mL)
1 envelope will gel 2 cups (500mL) liquid
1 envelope dry granular yeast = 1 tbsp (15 mL)
1 tbsp (15 mL) fresh grated horseradish = 2 tbsp (25 mL) prepared
1 lb (500 g) cottage cheese = 2 cups (500mL)
2 oz (50 g) grated cheese = 1/2 cup (125 mL)
1 lb (500 g) Cheddar = 4 to 5 cups (1 L to 1.25 L) grated
12 graham wafers = 1 cup (250 mL) finely ground
1 slice bread = 1/4 cup (50 mL) dry = 1/2 cup (125 mL) soft bread crumbs


Don Pancho’s Chicken Nachos (Clone)

10 lg. flat tortilla chips
3/4 cup grated cheese, divided
1/2 cup refried beans, warm
1/2 cup cooked chicken, chopped
1/4 cup sour cream
3 tablespoons diced tomatoes
shredded lettuce
1 tablespoon sliced jalapenos

Place chips on large plate. Cover with 1/2 c. cheese. Spoon beans over
cheese, sprinkle chicken on top. Sprinkle remaining cheese over that.
Dribble sour cream on top. Sprinkle tomatoes over entire dish. On one
side of the plate, place a about 1-2 Tbsp. lettuce and top that with the
jalapenos.


Spices From A – Z

ALLSPICE: These small dark, reddish-brown berries are so called becausetheir aroma and flavor resemble a combination of cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Use berries whole in marinades; for boiling and pot roasting meatsand poultry; in fish dishes, pickles and chutneys. Also available ground and excellent for flavoring soups, sauces and desserts.

ANISE: Commonly called asniseed, these small, brown oval seeds have the sweet, pungent flavor of licorice. Also available ground. Use seeds in stews and vegetable dishes, or sprinkle over loaves and rolls before baking. Try ground anise for flavoring fish dishes and pastries for fruit pies.

CARAWAY: Small brown, crescent-shaped seeds with a strong liquorice flavor and especially delicious as a flavoring in braised cabbage and sauerkraut recipes, breads (particularly rye), cakes and cheeses.

CARDAMOM: Small, triangular-shaped pods containing numerous small black seeds which have a warm, highly aeromatic flavor. You can buy green or black cardamoms although the smaller green type is more widely available.

CAYENNE: Orangey-red in color, this ground pepper is extremely hot and pungent. Not to be confused with paprika which, although related, is mild flavored.

CHILI POWDER: Made from dried red chilies. This red powder varies in flavor and hotness, from mild to hot. A less fiery type is found in chili seasoning.

CINNAMON & CASSIA: Shavings of bark from the cinnamon tree are processed and curled to form cinnamon sticks. Also available in ground form. Spicy, fragrant and sweet, it is used widely in savory and sweet dishes. Cassia(from the dried bark of the cassia tree) is similar to cinnamon, but less delicate in flavor with a slight pungent ‘bite’.

CLOVES: These dried, unopened flower buds give a warm aroma and pungency to foods, but should be used with care as the flavor can become overpowering. Available in ground form. Cloves are added to soups, sauces, mulled drinks,
stewed fruits and apple pies.

CORIANDER: Available in seed and ground form. These tiny, pale brown seeds have a mild, spicy flavor with a slight orange peel fragrance. An essential spice in curry dishes, but also extremely good in many cake and cookie recipes.

CUMIN: Sold in seed or ground. Cumin has a warm, pungent aromatic flavor and is used extensively in flavor curries and many Middle Eastern and Mexican dishes. Popular in Germany for flavoring sauerkraut and pork dishes. Use ground or whole in meat dishes and stuffed vegetables.

FENUGREEK: These small, yellow-brown seeds have a slight bitter flavor which, when added in small quantities, is very good in curries, chutneys and pickles, soups, fish and shellfish dishes.

GINGER: Available in many forms. Invaluable for adding to many savory and sweet dishes and for baking gingerbread and brandy snaps. Fresh ginger root looks like a knobby stem. It should be peeled and finely chopped or sliced before use. Dreid ginger root is very hard and light beige in color. To release flavor, ‘bruise’ with a spoon or soak in hot water before using. This dried type is more often used in pickling, jam making and preserving. Also available in ground form, preserved stem ginger and crystallized ginger.

MACE & NUTMEG: Both are found on the same plant. The nutmeg is the inner kernel of the fruit. When ripe, the fruit splits open to reveal bright red arils which lie around the shell of the nutmeg – and once dried are known as mace blades. The flavor of both spices is very similar – warm, sweet and aromatic, although nutmeg is more delicate than mace. Both spices are also sold ground. Use with vegetables; sprinkled over egg dishes, milk puddings and custards; eggnogs and mulled drinks; or use as a flavoring in desserts.

PAPRIKA: Comes from a variety of pepper (capsicum) and although similar in color to cayenne, this bright red powder has a mild flavor.

PEPPER: White pepper comes from ripened berries with the outer husks removed. Black pepper comes from unripened berries dried until dark greenish-black in color. Black pepper is more subtle than white. Use white or black peppercorns in marinades and pickling, or freshly ground as a seasoning. Both are available ground. Green peppercorns are also unripe berries with a mild, light flavor. They are canned in brine or pickled, or freeze-dried in jars. They add a pleasant, light peppery flavor to sauces, pates and salad dressings. Drain those packed in liquid and use either whole or mash them lightly before using. Dry green peppercorns should be lightly crushed before using to help release flavor, unless otherwise stated in a recipe.

POPPY SEEDS: These tiny, slate-blue seeds add a nutty flavor to both sweet and savory dishes. Sprinkle over desserts and breads.

SAFFRON: This pice comes from the stigmas of a species of crocus. It has a distinctive flavor and gives a rich yellow coloring to dishes, however, it is also the most expensive spice to buy. Available in small packets or jars(either powdered or in strands – the strands being far superior in flavor). This spice is a must for an authentic paella or Cornish Saffron Cake. Also an extremely good flavoring for soups, fish and chicken dishes.

SESAME SEEDS: High in protein and mineral oil content, sesame seeds have a crisp texture and sweet, nutty flavor which combines well in curries and with chicken,pork and fish dishes. Use also to sprinkle over breads,cookies and pastries before baking.

STAR ANISE: This dried, star-shaped seed head has a pungent, aromatic smell, rather similar to fennel. Use very sparingly in stir-fry dishes. Also good with fish and poultry.

TURMERIC: Closely related to ginger, it is an aromatic root which is dried and ground to produce a bright, orange-yellow powder. It has a rich, warm, distinctive smell, a delicate, aromatic flavor and helps give dishes an attractive yellow coloring. Use in curries, fish and shellfish dishes, rice pilafs and lentil mixtures. It is also a necessary ingredient in mustard pickles and piccalilli.

All spices should be stored in small airtight jars in a cool, dark place, as heat, moisture and sunlight reduce their flavor.

Source: www.recipeland.com

Cookies for Soldiers

What a busy little day the creatures and I had today! I got up at 5 am and made 9 dozen cookies for Christmas. The ones here are going over to some single soldiers who won’t be home for Christmas. The rest are in the freezer awaiting my sweetie’s return! Lucky guy… but he knows it!

After the cookies were done and wrapped, I made this framed sign for Travis’ brother and sister-n-law for a wedding gift. The craft shoppe on post has the best prices on custom matting which is where I went for the sage matt. I really like how it turned out. The sage print actually matches the matt although it doesn’t look like it in the photo.


Tequila Christmas Cake Recipe (Funny!)

Oh geez. I know I’ll hear my neighbor laughing over this one all the way from her house across the street!

Ingredients:

1 cup of water
1 tsp baking soda
1 cup of sugar
1 tsp salt
1 cup of brown sugar
Lemon juice
4 large eggs
Nuts
1 bottle tequila
2 cups of dried fruit

Sample the tequila to check quality. Take a large bowl. Check the tequila again. To be sure it is of the highest quality, pour one level cup and drink. Repeat. Turn on the electric mixer. Beat one cup of butter in a large fluffy bowl. Add one teaspoon of sugar. Beat again. At this point it’s best to make sure the tequila is still okay. Try another cup… just in case.

Turn off the mixer thingy. Break 2 eggs and add to the bowl. Chuck in the cup of dried fruit.

Pick the fruit up off floor. Mix on the turner. If the fried druit gets stuck in the beaterers just pry it loose with a drewscriver.

Sample the lequita to check for tonsisticity. Next, sift two cups of salt. Or something. Check the tequila. Now shift the lemon juice and strain your nuts. Add one table. Add a spoon of sugar or somefink. Whatever you can find. Greash the oven. Turn the cake tin 360 degrees and try not to fall over. Don’t forget to beat off the turner. Finally, throw the bowl through the window. Finish the tequila and wipe counter with the cat.

Ten Teas from Plants Around You and Their Benefits

All teas unless specified are brewed with 1 teaspoon dry material or 2 teaspoons fresh material to 1 cup of water. Always steep. This means pouring hot water over material and letting set for 5 – 15 minutes. Always dry leaves and roots out of the sun, in dark airy places. Then store in airtight containers.
Persimmon Tea: The leaves when dried and crushed make a fine strong tea. Can be used all year round. Rich in vitamin C. Used as a healthful tonic.
Sassafras Tea: Boil fresh roots after washing, until water turns reddish brown. Can be sliced and dried for later use. Claimed by some to be a blood thinner, a blood purifier, to help bronchitis, a stimulating spring tonic. Mostly it is used for pure enjoyment.
Birch Tea (Wintergreen): Black, yellow and white birch. Dried leaves can be used year round. A large handful of fresh leaves steeped in hot water was drunk 1 to 2 cups a day for rheumatism and headaches. Said to reduce pain of passing kidney stones, and a fever reducer. Cold it was used as a mouthwash.
Blackberry/Raspberry Tea: The dried mature leaves of these brambles make a good tea. Used to help control diarrhea, as a blood purifier and tonic. Use all year round.
Blueberry Tea: The dried mature leaves are steeped until cool and drunk 1 to 2 cups per day as a blood purifier and tonic. Also used to help inflamed kidneys and increase the flow of urine. Somewhat bitter. Use all year round.
Alfalfa Tea: The dried and powdered leaves and flower heads make a very nutritious tea, but it is somewhat bland. We suggest mixing them with normal teas to stretch them and add nutrition. Its vitamin content was the reason it was used. Used all year round.
Wild Strawberry Tea: Use dried leaves normally. Pour several cups boiling water over a handful of fresh leaves in the evening. Cover and let steep overnight. Strain water and reheat in the morning. Believed to help with a multitude of things, from stomach troubles, eczema, diarrhea, etc. According to experts, it is much more healthful than purchased coffee or teas. Use all year round.
Wild Rose-Hip Tea: A handful of these steeped for 10 minutes, then strained, make a healthful tea. Can be used dried or fresh in season. Instead of boiling, place a handful in cool water overnight, then stain and reheat in the morning. Use all year round. Strong Vitamin C content. Helps with Colds and the flu. Also for sore throat.
Sweet Goldenrod Tea (Anise): Can use dried or fresh leaves or flowers. Makes a very flavorful tea. Pure enjoyment only!! Used all year round.
Soldier’s Herb Tea: This common yard weed with green leaves and two seedie spikes was used by the colonials and Indians alike. One teaspoon of seeds per cup of boiling water steeped for 1/2 hour was used for dropsy and jaundice. A tea from fresh leaves (chopped fine), one heaping teaspoon per cup of boiling water steeped for 1/2 hour. For dried powdered leaves, use one level teaspoon and reduce time to 15 minutes. Drunk 4 to 5 times a day until relief was obtained. Used for gout, to help clean out nasal passages and to slow menstruation. Also used to expel worms. A tea cooled made from rainwater was used as an eyewash.

Source: Unknown

Dangers of Microwave Popcorn

When it’s movie night and you’re getting ready to break out the popcorn, using an air popper or jostling a pot of kernels in a heart-friendly oil on your stove top might be your best choices.

A report from the FDA indicates that a chemical coating used in microwave popcorn bags breaks down when heated into a substance called perfluorooctanoic (PFOA). The Environmental Protection Agency has identified PFOA as a “likely carcinogen.” Another study has found an acid that can be extracted from the chemical causes cancer in animals and is “likely to cause cancer in humans.” A second potential danger in microwave popcorn is diacetyl, an FDA-approved chemical found in the fake butter flavoring. There’s even a debilitating respiratory disease called “popcorn workers lung,” (the medical name of the condition is bronchiolitis obliterans) suffered by microwave popcorn factory workers caused by extended inhalation of the chemical’s fumes.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, (NIOSH) concluded that diacetyl needs further study so that workers in the flavorings and snack industry are no longer at risk The Food and Drug Administration continues to study whether consumers can develop lung disease from inhaling diacetyl. In response to the concerns regarding the risks of diacetyl exposure, a number of microwave popcorn manufacturers have discontinued using it in their products.

Pop Your Own

Here’s the way to make popcorn on your stove top: Pour 3 tablespoons of olive oil (or grapeseed oil if you prefer a more neutral taste) into a heavy, 3 quart or larger pan and place on medium high heat. Put two kernels in, and when one has popped, pour in 1/3 cup of pop corn (white or yellow) and cover pan. When corn begins to pop, shake constantly allowing steam to escape from popping kernels–otherwise popcorn will lose its crunch. Remove pan from heat immediately when popping stops or it will burn. Pour into a large bowl and season to taste.

Source: http://www.care2.com/greenliving/dangers-of-microwave-popcorn.html